Are you moving across the country or traveling internationally? Do you want your pet to come with you?
Traveling with a pet can be a rewarding and exciting experience once you reach your destination, but it often comes with a maze of confusing regulations. Knowing the different requirements before you start packing is essential to making sure you and your furry friend have a safe, fun trip.
Don’t worry. Pets in Transit is here to help you navigate these complexities and make pet travel hassle-free.
Why Pet Owners Get Confused About Travel Requirements (Hint: Because They’re Confusing)
Pet travel regulations can be overwhelming due to the variety of rules imposed by airlines, states, and international authorities. Many pet owners assume that a simple vet visit is enough, only to discover last-minute that they need specific vaccinations, paperwork, or carrier requirements.
What makes things even more confusing is that the rules vary based on several different factors:
- Destination: Domestic and international travel have vastly different regulations.
- Airline policies: Each airline has unique requirements regarding carrier sizes, breed restrictions, documentation requirements, and travel conditions.
- Government regulations: Some states and countries enforce strict entry rules, including quarantine periods.
- Paperwork deadlines: Health certificates and vaccinations must often be completed within a specific timeframe before travel.
Without expert guidance, you can easily find yourself unprepared, leading to stressful delays or, worse, the inability to travel with your pet.
A (Brief) Guide to Domestic vs. International Pet Travel Requirements
The rules for traveling with pets vary significantly depending on whether you’re staying within the US or heading abroad. Understanding the differences can save you time, money, and unnecessary stress.
Domestic Pet Travel Requirements
Traveling with your pet within the US can be pretty straightforward, but there are some important things to keep in mind.
In most cases, you’ll need a health certificate or at least up-to-date vaccination records signed by your vet. However, requirements can vary depending on the state and airline. Some states might ask for additional paperwork, like proof of deworming or flea and tick treatments.
Airlines also have their own rules, including breed restrictions, temperature limits, and carrier size requirements. While some allow pets in the cabin, others only permit them in cargo. If you’re driving across state lines, certain states—especially agricultural ones like California—may ask for vaccination records at checkpoints.
To avoid any last-minute surprises, be sure to check the requirements for both your departure and destination states well in advance.
International Pet Travel Requirements
Bringing your pet on an international trip takes more planning, often months in advance. Every country has its own set of rules, so it’s important to research early.
Many places require your pet to have an ISO-compliant microchip for identification, and proof of rabies vaccination is almost always a must. Some countries even require a rabies titer test to confirm immunity.
Quarantine rules can also come into play, especially in destinations like Australia and New Zealand, where pets may have to stay in an approved facility upon arrival. Additionally, some countries require an import permit before allowing your pet in.
Since regulations can change, it’s a good idea to start planning at least 30 to 60 days before your trip—or even earlier, depending on where you’re going.
Airline & State Pet Travel Regulations to Keep in Mind
One of the most challenging aspects of pet travel is navigating the varying rules imposed by airlines and individual states. Airlines, in particular, have specific policies regarding pet travel:
- Cabin vs. cargo: Generally, smaller pets (typically under 20 lbs.) may travel in the cabin, while larger pets must be transported in the cargo hold. Cargo regulations often include temperature limits to ensure pet safety.
- Breed restrictions: Some airlines do not allow snub-nosed (brachycephalic) breeds, such as pugs or Persian cats, due to respiratory concerns.
- Carrier requirements: Airlines have strict size and material specifications for pet carriers to ensure comfort and safety.
States may also have specific entry requirements, particularly for exotic pets. If you’re moving to Hawaii, for example, your pet will need to go through a strict quarantine process to prevent the introduction of rabies.
3 Common Misconceptions About Pet Travel Vaccine Requirements
Many pet owners assume that as long as their pet is vaccinated against rabies, they are free to travel. However, vaccine requirements can be much more complex. Staying informed about pet travel vaccine requirements and working with a pet travel expert can help you avoid frustrating last-minute surprises.
Here are some common misconceptions (that may surprise you).
Misconception #1: As Long as My Pet Is Vaccinated, We’re Good to Go
Not necessarily. Some destinations require additional vaccines or a rabies titer test to prove immunity.
While rabies is the most commonly required vaccine, some countries also mandate vaccinations against diseases like leptospirosis, distemper, or Bordetella (kennel cough), especially if your pet will be in contact with other animals.
Additionally, certain destinations, such as the European Union, require a rabies titer test from traveling pets, which checks whether your pet has developed sufficient antibodies after vaccination. This test can take weeks or even months to process, meaning last-minute travelers from some countries may face unexpected delays if they haven’t planned ahead.
Traveling with your pet to the EU?
Make sure their rabies vaccination meets EU entry requirements—or they could face quarantine or be denied entry.
Key requirements:
- Administered by an authorized vet: Only rabies shots given by licensed veterinarians are accepted.
- Wait period: Pets must wait at least 21 days after vaccination (or longer if the vaccine manufacturer recommends it) before entering the EU. Always confirm the waiting period with your vet and have it noted on the rabies certificate.
Understanding “Primary” vs “Booster” vaccinations:
- Primary rabies vaccination (after microchipping or a lapse in coverage) is only valid for 1 year, even if a 3-year vaccine is used.
- If a booster shot is given within 12 months, it may be valid for up to 3 years depending on the vaccine.
- Miss the 1-year deadline—even by a day—and you’re back to square one. The next shot is treated as a new primary vaccine and is again valid for just 1 year.
Planning tip: If your pet gets a booster just before travel, you may skip the 21-day wait only if the earlier (primary) vaccine is still valid and included in the health certificate.
Misconception #2: Rabies Shots Last for Life
While a rabies vaccine can last several years, some countries require proof of vaccination within a specific time frame (e.g., 30 days to 12 months before travel). Even if your pet has a valid three-year rabies vaccine, some destinations may only recognize vaccines administered within the past year.
Another thing to keep in mind is that some countries have strict rules about when the vaccine was given in relation to microchipping—if your pet was vaccinated before being microchipped, the shot may not be considered valid.
Always check the specific regulations for your destination to avoid the risk of being turned away at the border.
Misconception #3: My Pet Is Healthy, So I Don’t Need Extra Documentation
Many countries and airlines require officially signed health certificates in addition to vaccine records. These certificates, often issued by a USDA-accredited veterinarian in the US or an equivalent authority in other countries, confirm that your pet is healthy and up-to-date on required vaccinations. In some cases, the certificate must be endorsed by a government agency before travel.
Without this documentation, your pet could be denied entry, quarantined, or even sent back home at your expense.
To prevent issues, schedule a veterinary appointment well in advance and ensure all paperwork is completed correctly.
The Importance of a Pet Travel Certificate
Pet travel certificates, also known as health certificates, are essential documents for traveling with your pet. Issued by a licensed veterinarian, they confirm that your pet is healthy, up to date on required vaccinations, and fit for travel. It typically includes proof of vaccinations, a record of recent examinations, and certification that your pet is free from contagious diseases.
Many airlines and countries require this certification to ensure the safety of both animals and humans.
For international travel, a USDA-accredited veterinarian must issue the certificate, and it may need further approval. Some countries require additional endorsements from government agencies, which can add to processing time. (Pets in Transit partners with USDA-accredited vets to streamline this process for pet owners.)
It’s important to schedule your pet’s health exam well in advance, as some certificates are valid for only a short window before travel. The timeline depends on the destination, so working with experts like Pets in Transit ensures that all your pet’s documents are completed correctly and on time.
How Pets in Transit Can Help with Your Trip
Pets in Transit can help plan every step of your pet’s journey so they travel safely and comfortably. With our guidance, you can avoid last-minute complications and focus on making travel an enjoyable experience for your pet.
We offer a variety of services to simplify the process:
- Custom travel crates: Customizing a crate specifically for your pet’s size and comfort to ensure you meet all airline and travel regulations
- Pet travel certificates: Obtaining the necessary documentation for domestic and international travel
- Vaccination guidance: Ensuring your pet meets all vaccine requirements for your destination
- Regulation navigation: Understanding airline, state, and international rules to prevent last-minute issues
- Pre-travel checklists: Making sure you have all essentials, including microchip registration, proper carriers, and emergency contacts.
- Expert support: Answering any questions, providing resources, and troubleshooting potential issues before they arise
- End-to-end assistance: Creating a smooth pet travel experience from origin to destination
By letting Pets in Transit handle the paperwork and logistics, you can focus on enjoying your journey with your pet and rest easy knowing that everything else is in order.
*Our service solely ensures that your pet’s health certificate is approved and endorsed by the USDA. If your pet is traveling in the cabin, it is the owner’s responsibility to confirm with the airlines if any additional requirements are necessary. For instance, some countries require a pre-alert of the pet’s arrival in the cabin, and the owner will need to arrange for a vet inspection upon arrival. It is crucial to inquire with your airline at the time of booking your flight and pet(s) regarding any specific requirements you should be aware of. Please note that we are not responsible for arranging or confirming any additional services.
FAQs About Pet Travel & Requirements
Why Is It So Hard to Travel with Pets?
Traveling with pets can be challenging because of the many regulations that vary by airline, state, and country. Each mode of transport has its own set of rules, and failing to meet these requirements can result in denied boarding or even quarantine for your pet. Additionally, airlines may have breed restrictions, size limitations, and temperature regulations to ensure pet safety. International travel adds another layer of complexity, as different countries have specific vaccination and documentation requirements. Understanding these regulations and preparing in advance can help make the process much smoother.
Does TSA Require Pet Health Certificates?
No, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) does not require a health certificate for pets to go through security. However, airlines and state authorities may require one, depending on the travel destination. Even if TSA does not check for a health certificate, you should confirm with your airline whether you need one before flying.
How Do I Get a Health Certificate for My Dog to Fly?
To obtain a health certificate for your dog, schedule an appointment with a licensed veterinarian, preferably one who is USDA-accredited if traveling internationally. During the appointment, your vet will examine your dog to ensure they are healthy and fit for travel. You will need to provide proof of up-to-date vaccinations, including rabies. Once your pet passes the exam, the vet will issue a certificate of veterinary inspection (CVI) or an equivalent form required by your airline or destination. If you are traveling internationally, some health certificates may require additional endorsements from the USDA or other governing bodies, so it’s important to start this process well in advance.
Do Cats Need a Health Certificate to Fly?
In many cases, cats need a health certificate to fly. For domestic flights, some airlines may allow cats to travel with just proof of vaccination, but others will require a veterinarian-issued health certificate. For international travel, a health certificate is almost always required, along with vaccination records, possible microchipping, and sometimes import permits depending on the destination. Since requirements vary, it is always best to check with both your airline and the country you are visiting before booking travel.
Do Service Animals Need a Health Certificate to Fly?
Service animals are generally exempt from pet travel fees and carrier restrictions, but health documentation requirements vary by airline. While some airlines may not require a health certificate, others will ask for medical records proving the service animal is healthy and up to date on vaccinations. Emotional support animals (ESAs) are no longer considered service animals by most airlines and are subject to pet travel regulations, meaning a health certificate may be necessary. It’s always best to confirm with your airline in advance to avoid last-minute issues.
How Do I Get Through TSA with My Pet?
When going through TSA security with a pet, you must remove them from their carrier. The pet carrier itself will go through the X-ray scanner while you hold or walk your pet through the metal detector. If necessary, TSA officers may conduct additional screening, such as swabbing your hands for explosive residue. After the screening process is complete, you can return your pet to its carrier. TSA will never ask you to place your pet inside the X-ray machine.
What Is Required for a Pet to Carry On?
If your pet is flying in the cabin, airlines typically require them to be transported in an airline-approved pet carrier that fits under the seat. The pet must remain inside the carrier for the duration of the flight. Airlines also have size and weight restrictions, which vary depending on the airline. Many airlines have a limited number of spots available for pets in the cabin, so it’s important to make a reservation as early as possible.
What Paperwork Do I Need to Bring on a Plane for My Pet?
The required paperwork depends on the airline and destination, but common documents include a health certificate issued by a veterinarian, vaccination records (especially proof of rabies vaccination), and, for international travel, an import permit and microchip documentation if required. If you are traveling with a service animal, you may also need to provide service animal documentation. It’s always best to check with your airline and destination country in advance to ensure you have the necessary paperwork.
What’s the Difference Between a Pet Travel Certificate & a Health Certificate?
The terms pet travel certificate and health certificate are often used interchangeably to refer to the same document: a veterinarian-issued certificate confirming that your pet is healthy, up to date on required vaccinations, and fit for travel. It’s required by some airlines and often for international pet travel. Always check specific regulations for your airline and destination.
Do Pets Need a Passport to Travel Internationally?
Pets do not need a traditional passport like humans do, but many countries require an official pet passport or similar documentation, which typically includes vaccination records, health certificates, and proof of microchipping. The European Union, for example, issues pet passports that make travel between EU countries much easier. While a pet passport is not always mandatory, having all the necessary documentation in an organized format can simplify international travel.
Can I Take My Pet on an International Flight Without Quarantine?
Whether your pet will need to undergo quarantine depends on the destination. Some countries, including Canada, the UK, and many European Union nations, allow pets to enter without quarantine as long as they meet vaccination and health certificate requirements. Other destinations, such as Australia and New Zealand, have strict quarantine laws regardless of documentation. The best way to avoid quarantine delays is to research the pet import laws of your destination well in advance and ensure all necessary vaccinations and paperwork are completed before travel.
How Early Should I Start Planning International Pet Travel?
For international travel, start planning at least 60 days in advance. Some destinations require rabies titer tests or additional medical screenings that take weeks to process. The sooner you begin gathering the required paperwork and scheduling veterinary visits, the smoother the travel experience will be. Certain destinations with more complex entry requirements may require even more preparation time.
What’s the Best Way to Reduce My Pet’s Stress During Travel?
To keep your pet as comfortable as possible during travel, try to familiarize them with their carrier well in advance so they see it as a safe space. Using calming aids, such as pheromone sprays or veterinarian-approved sedatives, may also help if your pet is prone to anxiety. Bringing familiar items like their favorite blanket or toy can provide additional comfort. Your pet will also pick up on your emotions, so staying calm yourself will help keep them at ease. Ensuring they are well-hydrated and have relieved themselves before travel can also prevent discomfort during the journey.
What Happens If My Pet Gets Sick During Travel?
If your pet becomes ill while traveling, it is important to seek veterinary care as soon as possible. Before your trip, research veterinary clinics at your destination so you know where to go in case of an emergency. Carry both digital and physical copies of your pet’s medical records to provide any necessary information to the vet. Keeping an emergency contact number for your regular veterinarian can also be helpful if the new vet needs additional medical history.
Should I Feed My Pet Before a Flight?
It is best to avoid feeding your pet a large meal within four to six hours before travel, as this can help prevent nausea. However, you should always make sure your pet has access to water to stay hydrated. If you are flying with a pet that requires frequent meals, such as a puppy or a small breed with high metabolism, consult with your vet on the best feeding schedule before the flight.
Traveling with Your Pet? Need Help with Pet Travel Requirements? Contact Pets in Transit
Pet travel regulations can be complex—but with the right preparation and expert help, your pet’s journey can be smooth and stress-free.
Don’t let paperwork and regulations stand in the way of your pet’s adventure. We’re here to guide you through the process so you can travel with confidence, knowing your pet has everything they need for a safe and happy trip.
Contact Pets in Transit today to request a free quote and get expert help with health certificates, custom crates, documentation, and travel arrangements. Let us take the stress out of pet travel so you and your furry companion can focus on the journey ahead.
Safe travels!
